Propuesta metodológica para la impartición de Informática Industrial en la titulación de Ingeniería en Automática y Electrónica en el marco del proyecto EUROPA

La asignatura Informática Industrial se imparte en el último curso de la titulación de segundo ciclo Ingeniero en Automática y Electrónica Industrial. Se trata de una asignatura a la que los alumnos llegan con unos conocimientos importantes de arquitectura de computadores adquiridos en asignaturas previas de primer ciclo. Por ello, los objetivos de dicha asignatura se pueden centrar más en que los alumnos aprendan a aprender y desarrollen las habilidades que necesitarán en su futuro profesional. En esta línea, la ponencia presenta un nuevo enfoque y metodología que van a ser adoptados para impartir dicha asignatura, y con los cuales se pretende alcanzar los objetivos anteriores. Para ello se propone el empleo de unas metodologías docentes más dinámicas y activas que logren además una mayor motivación de los alumnos, con la consiguiente mejora del proceso de aprendizaje. Todo ello en el contexto del proyecto EUROPA (UNA ENSEÑANZA ORIENTADA AL APRENDIZAJE), que es una nueva actuación de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia que persigue ilusionar a toda la comunidad universitaria en la mejora integral de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje

LUT saving in embedded FPGAs for cache locking in real-time systems

[EN] In recent years, cache locking have appeared as a solution to ease the schedulability analysis of real-time systems using cache memories maintaining, at the same time, similar performance improvements than regular cache memories. New devices for the embedded market couple a processor and a programmable logic device designed to enhance system flexibility and increase the possibilities of customisation in the field. This arrangement may help to improve the use of cache locking in real-time systems. This work proposes the use of this embedded programmable logic device to implement a logic function that provides the cache controller the information it needs in order to determine if a referenced main memory block has to be loaded and locked into the cache; we have called this circuit a Locking State Generator. Experiments show the requirements in terms of number of hardware resources and a way to reduce them and the circuit complexity. This reduction ranges from 50% up to 80% of the number of hardware resources originally needed to build the Locking State Generator circuit.This work has been partially supported by PAID-06-11/2055 of Universitat Politecnica de València and TIN2011-28435- C03-01 of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion.Martí Campoy, A.; Rodríguez Ballester, F.; Ors Carot, R. (2013). LUT saving in embedded FPGAs for cache locking in real-time systems. International Journal On Advances in Systems and Measurements. 6(1-2):190-199. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/46758S19019961-

Experiencias en innovación docente: aspectos positivos y negativos de un caso real

Este trabajo presenta los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas por los profesores de la asignatura Microprocesadores y Computadores tras cinco años de aplicar metodologías docentes que tratan de mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje de los alumnos. Durante este periodo se han aplicado metodologías poco habituales, tanto para la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades por parte de los alumnos, como en la evaluación del proceso de aprendizaje. Simultáneamente, se ha consultado a los alumnos sobre la idoneidad de la organización de la asignatura, y la satisfacción al cursar la misma. El resultado de esta consulta, basada en una serie de cuestionarios y en conversaciones directas con los alumnos, ha permitido identificar los aspectos positivos y negativos de la utilización de metodologías poco habituales. El éxito o fracaso de la experiencia depende de múltiples factores, y este trabajo pone de manifiesto que algunos de estos factores son externos a la asignatura. Además de los alumnos, el profesorado, y los contenidos y organización de la propia asignatura, existen otros agentes, como el departamento, el centro o los planes de estudio que condicionan y pueden determinar la aceptación, y por tanto, la utilidad de las innovaciones planteadas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que innovar en la docencia tiene sus riesgos, especialmente cuando no se realiza en un entorno favorable, en el que priman otros aspectos aparte de los meramente docentes

New Contact Sensorization Smart System for IoT e-Health Applications Based on IBC IEEE 802.15.6 Communications

[EN] This paper proposes and demonstrates the capabilities of a new sensorization system that monitors skin contact between two persons. Based on the intrabody communication standard (802.15.6), the new system allows for interbody communication, through the transmission of messages between di erent persons through the skin when they are touching. The system not only detects if there has been contact between two persons but, as a novelty, is also able to identify the elements that have been in contact. This sensor will be applied to analyze and monitor good follow-up of hand hygiene practice in health care, following the ¿World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care¿. This guide proposes specific recommendations to improve hygiene practices and reduce the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms between patients and health-care workers (HCW). The transmission of nosocomial infections due to improper hand hygiene could be reduced with the aid of a monitoring system that would prevent HCWs from violating the protocol. The cutting-edge sensor proposed in this paper is a crucial innovation for the development of this automated hand hygiene monitoring system (AHHMS).This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, grant number DPI2016-80303-C2-1-P.Hernández, D.; Ors Carot, R.; Capella Hernández, JV.; Bonastre Pina, AM.; Campelo Rivadulla, JC. (2020). New Contact Sensorization Smart System for IoT e-Health Applications Based on IBC IEEE 802.15.6 Communications. Sensors. 20(24):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247097S117202

IoT Technologies in Chemical Analysis Systems: Application to Potassium Monitoring in Water.

[EN] The in-line determination of chemical parameters in water is of capital importance for environmental reasons. It must be carried out frequently and at a multitude of points; thus, the ideal method is to utilize automated monitoring systems, which use sensors based on many transducers, such as Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE). These devices have multiple advantages, but their management via traditional methods (i.e., manual sampling and measurements) is rather complex. Wireless Sensor Networks have been used in these environments, but there is no standard way to take advantage of the benefits of new Internet of Things (IoT) environments. To deal with this, an IoT-based generic architecture for chemical parameter monitoring systems is proposed and applied to the development of an intelligent potassium sensing system, and this is described in detail in this paper. This sensing system provides fast and simple deployment, interference rejection, increased reliability, and easy application development. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method that takes advantage of Cloud services by applying them to the development of a potassium smart sensing system, which is integrated into an IoT environment for use in water monitoring applications. The results obtained are in good agreement (correlation coefficient = 0.9942) with those of reference methods.FundingThis research was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espana, grant number DPI2016-80303-C2-1-P.Campelo Rivadulla, JC.; Capella Hernández, JV.; Ors Carot, R.; Peris Tortajada, M.; Bonastre Pina, AM. (2022). IoT Technologies in Chemical Analysis Systems: Application to Potassium Monitoring in Water. Sensors. 22(3):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2203084211622

A New Ammonium Smart Sensor with Interference Rejection

[EN] In many water samples, it is important to determine the ammonium concentration in order to obtain an overall picture of the environmental impact of pollutants and human actions, as well as to detect the stage of eutrophization. Ion selective electrodes (ISEs) have been commonly utilized for this purpose, although the presence of interfering ions (potassium and sodium in the case of NH4+-ISE) represents a handicap in terms of the measurement quality. Furthermore, random malfunctions may give rise to incorrect measurements. Bearing all of that in mind, a smart ammonium sensor with enhanced features has been developed and tested in water samples, as demonstrated and commented on in detail following the presentation of the complete set of experimental measurements that have been successfully carried out. This has been achieved through the implementation of an expert system that supervises a set of ISEs in order to (a) avoid random failures and (b) reject interferences. Our approach may also be suitable for in-line monitoring of the water quality through the implementation of wireless sensor networks.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, grant number DPI2016-80303-C2-1-P.Capella Hernández, JV.; Bonastre Pina, AM.; Campelo Rivadulla, JC.; Ors Carot, R.; Peris Tortajada, M. (2020). A New Ammonium Smart Sensor with Interference Rejection. Sensors. 20(24):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247102S1172024Molins-Legua, C., Meseguer-Lloret, S., Moliner-Martinez, Y., & Campíns-Falcó, P. (2006). A guide for selecting the most appropriate method for ammonium determination in water analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 25(3), 282-290. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2005.12.002Zhu, Y., Chen, J., Yuan, D., Yang, Z., Shi, X., Li, H., … Ran, L. (2019). Development of analytical methods for ammonium determination in seawater over the last two decades. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 119, 115627. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.115627Liu, J. (2020). New directions in sensor technology. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 124, 115818. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2020.115818Yaroshenko, I., Kirsanov, D., Marjanovic, M., Lieberzeit, P. A., Korostynska, O., Mason, A., … Legin, A. (2020). Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring with Chemical Sensors. Sensors, 20(12), 3432. doi:10.3390/s20123432Martı́nez-Máñez, R., Soto, J., Garcia-Breijo, E., Gil, L., Ibáñez, J., & Llobet, E. (2005). An «electronic tongue» design for the qualitative analysis of natural waters. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 104(2), 302-307. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2004.05.022Legin, A. ., Rudnitskaya, A. ., Vlasov, Y. ., Di Natale, C., & D’Amico, A. (1999). The features of the electronic tongue in comparison with the characteristics of the discrete ion-selective sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 58(1-3), 464-468. doi:10.1016/s0925-4005(99)00127-6Mueller, A. V., & Hemond, H. F. (2013). Extended artificial neural networks: Incorporation of a priori chemical knowledge enables use of ion selective electrodes for in-situ measurement of ions at environmentally relevant levels. Talanta, 117, 112-118. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.045Wen, Y., Mao, Y., Kang, Z., & Luo, Q. (2019). Application of an ammonium ion-selective electrode for the real-time measurement of ammonia nitrogen based on pH and temperature compensation. Measurement, 137, 98-101. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2019.01.031Handbook of Electrochemistry. (2007). doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-51958-0.x5000-9Umezawa, Y., Bühlmann, P., Umezawa, K., Tohda, K., & Amemiya, S. (2000). Potentiometric Selectivity Coefficients of Ion-Selective Electrodes. Part I. Inorganic Cations (Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 72(10), 1851-2082. doi:10.1351/pac200072101851Capella, J. V., Bonastre, A., Ors, R., & Peris, M. (2015). An interference-tolerant nitrate smart sensor for Wireless Sensor Network applications. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 213, 534-540. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.125Choudhary, J., Balasubramanian, P., Varghese, D., Singh, D., & Maskell, D. (2019). Generalized Majority Voter Design Method for N-Modular Redundant Systems Used in Mission- and Safety-Critical Applications. Computers, 8(1), 10. doi:10.3390/computers8010010Capella, J. V., Bonastre, A., Ors, R., & Peris, M. (2014). A step forward in the in-line river monitoring of nitrate by means of a wireless sensor network. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 195, 396-403. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2014.01.039Cuartero, M., Colozza, N., Fernández-Pérez, B. M., & Crespo, G. A. (2020). Why ammonium detection is particularly challenging but insightful with ionophore-based potentiometric sensors – an overview of the progress in the last 20 years. The Analyst, 145(9), 3188-3210. doi:10.1039/d0an00327aBembe, M., Abu-Mahfouz, A., Masonta, M., & Ngqondi, T. (2019). A survey on low-power wide area networks for IoT applications. Telecommunication Systems, 71(2), 249-274. doi:10.1007/s11235-019-00557-9Freiser, H. (Ed.). (1980). Ion-Selective Electrodes in Analytical Chemistry. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3776-8Peris, M., Bonastre, A., & Ors, R. (1998). Distributed expert system for the monitoring and control of chemical processes. Laboratory Robotics and Automation, 10(3), 163-168. doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2728(1998)10:33.0.co;2-2Carminati, M., Turolla, A., Mezzera, L., Di Mauro, M., Tizzoni, M., Pani, G., … Antonelli, M. (2020). A Self-Powered Wireless Water Quality Sensing Network Enabling Smart Monitoring of Biological and Chemical Stability in Supply Systems. Sensors, 20(4), 1125. doi:10.3390/s20041125Nakas, C., Kandris, D., & Visvardis, G. (2020). Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey. Algorithms, 13(3), 72. doi:10.3390/a13030072Capella, J. V., Bonastre, A., Campelo, J. C., Ors, R., & Peris, M. (2020). IoT & environmental analytical chemistry: Towards a profitable symbiosis. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 27, e00095. doi:10.1016/j.teac.2020.e00095Pretsch, E. (2007). The new wave of ion-selective electrodes. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 26(1), 46-51. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2006.10.006STM Microelectronics https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/microcontrollers-microprocessors/stm32-32-bit-arm-cortex-mcus/stm32-ultra-low-power-mcus/stm32l4-series/stm32l4x2/stm32l422cb.htmlAnalog Devices https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD524.pdfCapella, J. V., Bonastre, A., Ors, R., & Peris, M. (2010). A Wireless Sensor Network approach for distributed in-line chemical analysis of water. Talanta, 80(5), 1789-1798. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.025Bonastre, A., Capella, J. V., Ors, R., & Peris, M. (2012). In-line monitoring of chemical-analysis processes using Wireless Sensor Networks. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 34, 111-125. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2011.11.009Mei-Chen Hsueh, Tsai, T. K., & Iyer, R. K. (1997). Fault injection techniques and tools. Computer, 30(4), 75-82. doi:10.1109/2.58515

HMP: A Hybrid Monitoring Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks Evaluation

(c) 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.[EN] Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an essential part of the deployment of the Internet of Things paradigm, require an adequate debugging and monitoring procedures to avoid errors in their operation. One of the best tools for WSN supervision is the so-called Monitoring Platforms that harvest information about the WSN operation in order to detect errors and evaluate performance. Monitoring platforms for the WSN can be hardware or software implemented, and, additionally, they can work in active or passive mode. Each approach has advantages and drawbacks. To benefit from their advantages and compensate their limitations, hybrid platforms combine different approaches. However, very few hybrid tools, with many restrictions, have been proposed. Most of them are designed for a specific implementation of WSN nodes; many of them are lack of a real implementation, and none of them provides an accurate solution to synchronization issues. This paper presents a hybrid monitoring platform for WSN, called HMP. This platform combines both hardware and software, active and passive monitoring approaches. This hybridization provides many interesting capabilities; HMP harvests the information both actively (directly from the sensor nodes) and passively (by means of messages captured from the WSN), causing a very low intrusion in the observed network. In addition, HMP is reusable; it may be applied to almost any WSN and includes a suitable trace synchronism procedure. Finally, HMP follows an open architecture that allows interoperability and layered development.This work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, through the project Hacia el hospital inteligente: Investigacion en el diseno de una plataforma basada en Internet de las Cosas y su aplicacion en la mejora del cumplimiento de higiene de manos, under Grant DPI2016-80303-C2-1-P. The project covers the costs of publishing in open access.Navia-Mendoza, MR.; Campelo Rivadulla, JC.; Bonastre Pina, AM.; Capella Hernández, JV.; Ors Carot, R. (2019). HMP: A Hybrid Monitoring Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks Evaluation. IEEE Access. 7:87027-87041. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2925299S8702787041

Agentes inteligentes para sistemas tolerantes a fallos para control industrial, una nueva perspectiva de control

El advenimiento de los agentes a dado lugar a mucha discusión de que son tales agentes, y de la diferencian de programas en general. aquí se menciona una nueva forma de tratar los Sistemas Tolerantes a Fallos en el entorno industrial, introduciendo en paradigma de Agentes Inteligentes, dicho paradigma nos ayudara a tratar los Fallos de una manera autónoma y eficiente, se proponen 3 tipos de agentes que tratar el sistemas en forma jerárquica, y generar un protitipo que ayude a los programadores a tratar estos fallos.Eje: Inteligencia artificialRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Agentes inteligentes para sistemas tolerantes a fallos para control industrial, una nueva perspectiva de control

El advenimiento de los agentes a dado lugar a mucha discusión de que son tales agentes, y de la diferencian de programas en general. aquí se menciona una nueva forma de tratar los Sistemas Tolerantes a Fallos en el entorno industrial, introduciendo en paradigma de Agentes Inteligentes, dicho paradigma nos ayudara a tratar los Fallos de una manera autónoma y eficiente, se proponen 3 tipos de agentes que tratar el sistemas en forma jerárquica, y generar un protitipo que ayude a los programadores a tratar estos fallos.Eje: Inteligencia artificialRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

A step forward in the in-line river monitoring of nitrate by means of a wireless sensor network

This paper is based on our previous work consisting of the development and deployment of a wireless sensor network for the continuous in-line monitoring of the content of nitrates in a river in Eastern Spain. We present new contributions that significantly enhance its applicability, improve its features, and increase its reliability and useful life. For this purpose, an expert system has been developed in order to improve the features of the whole system operation in an intelligent, flexible, user friendly way. This expert system offers several policies to optimize the times at which measurements are to be carried out (and sent), sampling frequency being altered according to the system evolution, the user preferences and the application features. The implemented policies are as follows: (a) periodic transmission; (b) gradient transmission; (c) user request and (d) peer request. Additionally, in order to increase the reliability of the system, a triple modular redundant transducer in each sensor has been implemented, increasing dependability of the system with a very small affection of cost and consumption. Prior to the field trials, some laboratory experiments have been performed for parameter adjustment and checking purposes. As in the previous work, the proposed system has been deployed along a certain stretch of the river, its operation being studied and validated.Capella Hernández, JV.; Bonastre Pina, AM.; Ors Carot, R.; Peris Tortajada, M. (2014). A step forward in the in-line river monitoring of nitrate by means of a wireless sensor network. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 195:396-403. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2014.01.039S39640319